Tanglewood Case 4 - 1587 Words

Memorandum To: Marilyn Gonzalez and Daryl Perrone From: Maggie Jones Date: 6 February 2012 Subject: Tanglewood Case 4: Measurement and Validation Below is an analysis of the potential new selection methods for hiring the Store Associate position. The study of 10 Seattle-based stores resulted in an adequate sample size of 832 applicants. New selectors being evaluated are the retail market knowledge exam, Marshfield customer service biodata questionnaire and essay, Marshfield applicant exam, and personality exam. All stores, including those employing the traditional selection method, collected on education, work experience and interview score correlation to the four indicators of success: citizenship, absence,†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the biodata evaluation is costly but, because it is administered by a third-party, won’t create additional administrative work. Furthermore, if Tanglewood purchases the online version, the set-up costs will be spread over all future applicants resulting in an increasingly small per-applicant cost. The benefits of the data it provides is likely to save money in the futu re as turnover is reduced. Assessment of the content validity of various proposed selection techniques by determining how well they match the general requirements of the job Content validation is most appropriate when there are two few people to form a sample for purposes of criterion-related validation or when criterion measures are either unavailable or of poor quality. Our sample size of 832 is adequate for criterion-related validation and such measures are available. Nevertheless, content validation can be useful. Content validation begins with job analysis in order to identify tasks, task dimensions and the necessary KSAOs and motivation for those tasks. According to O*Net, the tasks and KSAOs required for a retail sales associate are as follows: Tasks †¢ Greet customers and ascertain what each customer wants or needs. †¢ Open and close cash registers, performing tasks such as counting money, separating charge slips, coupons, and vouchers, balancingShow MoreRelatedTanglewood Case 4736 Words   |  3 PagesChristina Campbell HRM 710: Recruitment and Selection Tanglewood Case 4 Dr. Sayeed Islam Assess the practical and statistical significance of a proposed set of hiring tools, and make recommendations regarding how adopting these new hiring methods might benefit stores. Retail Market Knowledge Exam: Is a exam that was created in-house by Tanglewood’s staffing services and marketing divisions. I believe it is a good idea because who would know the company’s needs better than the companyRead MoreTanglewood Case #11668 Words   |  7 PagesDana Tripp Tanglewood Stores - Case One – Week 2 HR594 Strategic Staffing, January 2011 Keller Graduate School of Management Professor Sheri Bias January 3, 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To: Donald Penchiala, Director of Staffing Services Marilyn Anchley, Vice President of Human Resources RE: Tanglewood Retail Store – Case #1 Date: January 3, 2010 In this report will be doing a Strategic Staffing Analysis that will focus on the key requirements about acquisition, deployment, andRead MoreEssay on Tanglewood Case 21373 Words   |  6 PagesCase 2 Specific Assignment Details For the store manager group, you will analyze the information and prepare a report showing the results of the Markov analysis and the EEO investigation. The Director asked you to address these questions in your written report: 1. Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. Based on this assumption complete the five stages of the planning process: a. Currently theRead MoreTanglewood Case Two1215 Words   |  5 PagesTanglewood Case 2 Strategic Staffing (HR 594) Summer Session B comronf@gmail.com TANGLEWOOD CASE TWO ATT: Daryl Perrone After analyzing the data and performing an environmental scan it is clear that the demographics of Spokane, Washington will present you will problems filling vacancies based on the Equal Employment Opportunity requirements. Spokane is the second largest city in Washington and according to my research 84% of these people are white. The next largest minority group, HispanicRead MoreTanglewood Case 21018 Words   |  5 PagesInformation 3. Demographic Categories 4. Promotion Practices 5. Organizational Memo Forecast of Labor: MGT Consulting gathered information from the previous year (2010) and used a Markov analysis to generate a plan of action for the employment needs for Tanglewood in 2011. The Washington market is very stable for Tanglewood and we decided that the current workforce will be sufficient for the 2011 forecast. There are 10750 current employees in the Tanglewood stores in this region. The corporateRead MoreTanglewood Case 21334 Words   |  6 PagesChristian April 6, 2014 Wk 2 Dropbox Assignment TangleWood Case 2 Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. Based on this assumption complete the five stages of the planning process: Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. This means the forecast for next year will be taken as given. Fill in the empty cells in the forecastRead MoreTanglewood Case 21193 Words   |  5 Pages Christian April 6, 2014 Wk 2 Dropbox Assignment TangleWood Case 2 Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. Based on this assumption complete the five stages of the planning process: Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. This means the forecast for next year will be taken as given. Fill in the empty cells in the forecastRead MoreTanglwood Case Two Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesCase 2: You should walk through the stages of human resources planning by conducting a Markov analysis. An additional concern for this case is assessing the degree to which the organization has developed a workforce representative of the community of available employees. Unlike the first case, this case is largely quantitative, and requires you to accurately perform calculations involving human resources data. Answers and Discussion Points: 1b. Fill in the empty cells in the forecast of laborRead MoreTanglewood Case 51034 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 3-4 Notes EEO states which is that EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. These laws apply to all types of work situations, including hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, wages, and benefits. Affirmative action is intended to promote the opportunitiesRead MoreTanglewood Case 3 - Recruiting Mehtods Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesRecruiting Like many retailers, Tanglewood experiences a stable rate of turnover, and thus recruiting efforts remain high. The methods used by Tanglewood vary from many regions in which they serve, and by gauging these methods we are able to optimize and perhaps unify company operations. By reviewing the recruiting methods used by Tanglewood, we will be able to devise a guide that can be functional along with Tanglewood developing recruiting services which reflect Tanglewood’s unique personality

Linux Operating System and Information Security Essay

Essays on Linux Operating System and Information Security Essay The paper "Linux Operating System and Information Security" is an excellent example of an essay on information technology. Proper configuration of directory and file permissions are significant in all systems. In the Linux operating system, it is equally important to ensure that information security is guaranteed. Though the Linux Operating System is secure by default, it is important that administrators verify that the directory and file permissions of the server are secure. Additionally, proper configuration of the directory and file permissions ensure that administrators share data in a safe manner (Lewis, 2013).   The use of default or fewer restrictive permissions on files or directories poses several threats and attacks to the information contained on Linux servers. With the default settings, attacks that cause deletion of files or overwriting of files may readily occur. Different administrators may also create a symbolic link to any file, and this could cause the deletion of data. Additionally, there are certain files that may grant access and special privileges to the users when there are no restrictive permissions. In an organization, it is imperative to create permission groups. First, the members of the organization must be categorized into three groups based on their permission of accessing directories and files. The groups will include the owner, group and all users. Each of the directories and groups must be assigned three basic permissions. The member who can have the permission to write files must be the administrators of the firm. Depending on the type of organizational informati on, members of the organization may be granted access to read and execute commands. In the organizational set-up, the formation of permission groups and assigning relevant permission types can guarantee the safety of organization files and directories.

Dying with Dignity (Euthanasia) Free Essays

string(49) " of barbiturates was automatically administered\." By Valbona H. Bajrami Table of contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 History of euthanasia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Dying with Dignity (Euthanasia) or any similar topic only for you Order Now . 5 Ethics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Religion views†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Emotion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Introduction People have been suffering from terminal illnesses for centuries. Some physicians believed that these people should not have to suffer if that was their wishes. They had come up with the idea of euthanasia; euthanasia is the practice of ending the life of a person in a painless way. Some people think that euthanasia is a crime just like murder; some others think that euthanasia is necessary for those people who are in unbearable pain and have no cure. The term, ‘Euthanasia’ comes from the Greek words eu meaning good, and thanatos meaning death, and is known as mercy killing or assisted suicide, usually practiced on a terminally ill person. In some countries, euthanasia is legal and a third person can assist suicide under certain conditions. Many religions and medical practitioners opposed the idea of euthanasia and strongly claimed it to be illegal. The debate on euthanasia is expected to continue in the future because there are both pros and cons to euthanasia. (Sandhyarani, 2011) When asked if doctors should be allowed to end the life of a patient who is suffering from a terminal illness and wants to die, 75% of Americans said â€Å"yes. † Although, euthanasia is prohibited by law in most states of the USA, this poll was based on statistics of Gallup Organization in 2007. In 2010, based on Angus Reid Public Opinion, 70% of Americans were pro when asked the same question. Opinion Polls/Surveys, 2011 ) The important terms that help to subdivide and classify euthanasia by type are: voluntary, which is a death performed by another with the consent of the person being killed, involuntary, which is a death performed by another without the consent of the person being killed, active euthanasia, were patient’s death is caused by specific steps; such as injecting the patient with poison, and passive euthanasia, which is us ually defined as withdrawing medical treatment with the deliberate intention of causing the patient’s death. History of Euthanasia Euthanasia has a very old history, and this theme has been both opposed and defended since ancient times. The first who used the word, euthanasia, was a Roman historian, Suetonius. Based on criticisms that were made in the address of those who have practiced euthanasia, it is assumed that the first traces of euthanasia started in Mesopotamia, River Ganges in India and in ancient Israel. In the 16th century the first recommendation of euthanasia came by Thomas Mores, who said: When there is no cure and a patient suffers too much, the patient should be convinced to die. The patient should realize that his illness is incurable, he is a burden to others and his suffering causes pity for people around him. In ancient Greece, when the physician gave medicine to the patient who was suffering extreme pain, and had an incurable terminal illness, classical Greek philosopher Plato strongly supported this action. He also believed that mentally and physically ill persons should be left to death because they do not have the right to live. The first objection to euthanasia came from the Oath of most famous ancient Greek physician Hippocratic, which says:†I will not administer poison to anyone when asked to do so, nor suggest such a course. † In ancient Rome, euthanasia was a crime and this action was accepted as killing someone on purpose. For the first time in the 17th century in Prussia, the person who killed the patient with an incurable disease was punished as a guilty man. Euthanasia was both criticized and defended in the 20th century. In beginning of the 20th century, the trends of legalization of euthanasia began in the United States, but the government idn’t accept these proposals, even though 53% of American physicians defended euthanasia. (Erdemir, 2001) In1935 the euthanasia Society of England was formed to promote euthanasia, then in 1939, the first legalization of euthanasia was in Nazi Germany. The Nazi doctors took the lives of thousands of their fellow citizens on orders from the gov ernment. In 1996, in Australia the euthanasia went into effect, but it was overturned by the Parliament in 1997. The places where euthanasia is legal are; Oregon, Washington, Switzerland, Netherlands and Belgium. Medicine Euthanasia, sometimes known as â€Å"mercy-killing,† is the intentional ending of a patient’s life by a physician, usually by lethal injection. One of the most known physicians who practiced euthanasia was Jack Kevorkian. He was a pathologist, and commonly known as â€Å"Dr. Death. † From June 1990 through January 1996, 27 people died using one of Kevorkian’s machines, and in total he said that he assisted at least 130 patients to end their lives. In 1999, Kevorkian was found guilty, and served eight years of a 10-to-25-year prison sentence for second degree murder. He was released on parole on June 1, 2007; on the condition that he would not offer suicide advice to any other person. â€Å"I will admit, like Socrates and Aristotle and Plato and some other philosophers, that there are instances where the death penalty would seem appropriate. † (Kevorkian) The euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain. They may be operated by a physician, or by the person wishing to die. In 1989 Kevorkian described his original death machine called â€Å"Thanatron†. This device involved an individual pushing a button that released drugs or chemicals that would end his or her own life. The second model he used was called â€Å"Mercitron†. It was similar to the first one, except a gas mask fed by a canister of carbon monoxide was attached to a face mask with a tube. The third model was invented by Philip Nitschke, who is an Australian medical doctor. He named his device â€Å"Deliverance Machine† which was programmed to ask the patient a series of questions, that, if answered correctly, a lethal injection of barbiturates was automatically administered. You read "Dying with Dignity (Euthanasia)" in category "Essay examples" In 2008, Dr. Nitschke invented another device called â€Å"Exit’s Euthanasia Device† witch used an ordinary barbeque gas bottle, filled with nitrogen and a plastic suicide bag. The gas is more psychological, with no chance of adverse reaction. â€Å"So it’s extremely quick and there are no drugs. Importantly this doesn’t fail – it’s reliable, peaceful, and available and with the additional benefit of undetectability. † (Philip Nitschke) Ethics According to Garn LeBaron, the patient, his loved ones and the physicians all face ethical dilemmas when determining whether euthanasia is an ethical choice. Most physicians that are against euthanasia believe that for hundreds of years of tradition, the doctors were dedicated to healing patients, not killing them. On an individual level, the person must make a decision whether or not to end their life. They may believe that based on their self interest and their personal benefit, it would be better to die believing they would be a financial, physical or emotional burden to their families should they live out their illness until their body dies on its own. In contrast, they may choose to live for the good of others and for the sake of loved ones, to spare them the pain and turmoil to make and support such a decision. Should the family have to consider mercy killing due to a family member being in a permanent vegetative state, then they would have to consider quality of life versus value of life in general. They may also follow through on any wishes the patient may have made known prior to the vegetative state. The physician’s moral ethical issues are that they have a duty to preserve life at all costs but also have a duty to respect the wishes of their patient. I fully realize that there are times when those who have the noble duty to tend the sick and the dying are deeply moved by the sufferings of their patients†¦ Then, perhaps, it seems that universal moral principles are mere abstractions having little to do with the agony of the dying. But of course we do not see best when our eyes are filled with tears. (Layton, 1997 ) Religion views According to Michigan’s Religious Leaders Forum, a group of Christian, Jewish and Muslim leaders, those who promote this last, fatal escape as a â€Å"right† should remember that such a right may quickly become an expectation and, finally, even a duty to die. They fear that eventually some individuals and families will be forced to put financial concerns above the needs of loved ones. The Roman Catholic Church considers euthanasia as a â€Å"crime against life† and a â€Å"crime against God†. The Catholic Church is against the practice of euthanasia. According to the Holy Bible, Jesus Christ has a plan for each life, and shortening that plan interrupts what he wants to accomplish in that person. Although Protestants are part of Christianity, on the other side, they take more liberal views, and they offered religious arguments and support for limited forms of euthanasia. Among Protestantism, Judaism has become divided . Jewish thinkers oppose voluntary euthanasia but the preponderance of anti-euthanasia sentiment has shifted in recent years to increasing support for certain passive euthanasia options. In the same way as Roman Catholic Church, Islam categorically forbids all forms of suicide and any action that may help another to kill them. The Islamic prophet Mohammed refuses to bless the body of a person who had committed suicide. Islamic jurisprudence, based on a convincing interpretation of the holy Koran, does not recognize a person’s right to die voluntarily. In Hinduism there are two points of view on euthanasia. By helping to end a painful life a person is performing a good deed, but on the other hand a person is disturbing the timing of the cycle of death and rebirth. The Jainism religion, without hesitation supports euthanasia because they think that liberation from the cycles of lives is the primary objective in the religion. Similarly, in Shinto religion, the prolongation of life using artificial means is a disgraceful act against life, so most of the people who practice this religion support the practice of euthanasia. Religious views on euthanasia) Emotions The euthanasia debate is quite controversial. Many people have their own opinions, but to truly understand euthanasia and decide if you are for or against it, it is important to look at a real life story. Angela Belucciu who was diagnosed with cancer, and a supporter of euthanasia said: You can’t imagine, living with the fear of facing death itself is not scary for me, t he manner of my death at the present time without Nembutal or something like that, without that my end, my death is not pleasant. Anyone can describe the pain experienced by people with terminal illness, but to feel the pain the way they do, we must be in their skin. To listen and experience are totally different acts. Although the number of supporters, according to statistics is high, some clinics have gone too far. Dignitas is a Swiss assisted dying group that helps those with terminal illness, and severe physical and mental illnesses to die assisted by qualified doctors and nurses. There was a shocking case that happened in this clinic, when a doctor had committed suicide after he found out that he had helped a woman, with a false diagnosis, die. The statement of â€Å"Dignitas† staff testified that irrespective of medical condition, it does not matter what people are suffering from, they do not refuse anyone. (Vanderheyden, 2005). Questions arise whether it is right to legalize euthanasia only for people with terminal illness, or whether it will be respected by physicians and clinics? Certainly it would be difficult to get answers because in such cases the reaction of family members and loved ones would encourage debate in society at large. Conclusion Euthanasia has been practiced for hundreds of years all over the world by thousands of people from all walks of life. Religions have different views on the use of physician assisted suicides; some would say it is selfish of the family and patient to not let their â€Å"God† decide when it is their time to die and others would agree that it is a merciful way to end suffering for the dying person. There is and always will be strong ethical views on helping persons end their suffering. However, with the help of a practicing physician, it can also be seen as an inhumane decision or a loving decision. The ethical views are documented and are strongly stated either way. The only thing that will matter in the end is how the family interprets their decision. It won’t matter how long it was practiced for, who started it, which religious groups agree or disagree, ethical views from either side of this highly debatable issue, or any documentation regarding euthanasia, the family will have only one person in mind when deciding to help their loved one end their suffering or not. It cannot be an easy decision because of the abuses that might occur, or by any means for either the dying person or the family, for in the end the ones who go on living will have to live with what they have decided. References Cancer patient to fight on for legal euthanasia. (2008, March 8). ABC News. Retrieved from: http://www. abc. net. au/news/stories/2008/03/06/2182060. htm? site=news Erdemir, A. D. (2001, March). A short history of euthanasia laws. The Eubios Ethics Institute Retrieved from : http://www. eubios. info/EJ112/EJ112F. htm Euthanasia device. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Euthanasia_device Jack Kevorkian. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian Kevorkian, J. (2001 – 2011). Jack Kevorkian Quotes. Brainy Quote. Retrieved from : http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/j/jack_kevorkian. html Layton, R. (1997 , June). Discussion Group Report. Humanists of Utah. Retrieved from: http://www. humanistsofutah. org/1997/IsEuthanasiaEthical_DiscGrp_6-97. html LeBaron, G. (1993-2010). The Ethics of Euthanasia. Quantonics. Retrieved from: http://www. quantonics. com/The_Ethics_of_Euthanasia_By_Garn_LeBaron. html Opinion Polls/Surveys. (2011 , August 17). ProCon Euthanasia . Retrieved from : http://euthanasia. procon. org/view. resource. hp? resourceID=000134 Quotations on Euthanasia. (n. d. ). Euthanasia. com. Retrieved from: http://www. euthanasia. com/quotationsoneuthanasia. html Religious views on euthanasia. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religious_views_on_euthanasia Sandhyarani, N. (2011, August 24). History of Euthanasia. Buzzle. com. Retrieved from: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/history-of-euthanasia. html The Real Jack Kevorkian. (2011). Patients Rights Council. Retrieved from: http://www. patientsrightscouncil. org/site/the-real-jack-kevorkian/ How to cite Dying with Dignity (Euthanasia), Essay examples

on toni morrison s belov Essay Example For Students

on toni morrison s belov Essay Throughout the book Beloved by Toni Morrison and the slave narrative of Aunt Betty’s story, the significance of the roles of the main characters as women, their strive for their freedom from the era of slavery, the memorys and â€Å"rememorys† that serve as a reminder to Aunt Betty and a haunting past to Sethe help to shape their character and further their generations by coming to grips with the past in order to move forward. The ultimate importance of Toni Morrison’s work in Beloved in contrast to the real life testimony of Aunt Betty is being able to look at the different horrors of the slave era as seen through the eyes of black women. The significance of family, their roles as women, the impact on their children, and the men who help them with their struggles gives us an understanding of how it was for them to escape slavery and face their past in order to make forward progress and emerge into a free society. â€Å"Feel how it feels to have a bed to sleep in and somebody there not worrying you to death about what you got to do each day to deserve it. Feel how that feels. And if that don’t get it, feel how it feels to be a colored woman roaming the roads with anything God made liable to jump on you. Feel that. (Beloved 67-68)† These are Sethe’s words to Paul D that describe her feelings about the torture she received in the barn at the hands of Schoolteacher’s boys. Her emotional and physical scars run deep because of the sexual violation and the beatings she took. Life on Sweet Home wasn’t always a hell on earth though. Before Schoolteacher, she and the other Sweet Home men had a certain degree or respect. She was allowed to choose Halle out of the men to be her husband and was disheartened to learn there would be no ceremony for them. She had four children by him, one of which is killed. She shows a tremendous love for her children when she chooses to k ill them as opposed to let Schoolteacher return them to slavery. After her escape with one daughter, Denver, she has an undying devotion to her and does a tough job of raising her and taking care of their home by herself with no help from a man. Living through all this and carrying the guilt of killing her daughter, when Beloved returns in the flesh, she takes her in and tries very hard to make up for the decision she felt she had to make. Toni Morrison uses Sethe’s character to show all the hardships that a black woman in those times would have dealt with. The story of Aunt Betty depicts some of the hardships as well. At one point her master Mr. Kibbler, with a nail rod, beat her for telling her mistress that he hit her with the rod in the first place. But with Betty most slave owners in the area knew that if she was treated well she would work well, and if mistreated she was not a cooperative worker. It is amazing she wasn’t killed for her stubbornness, but she wasnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t. She was also a devoted wife. When she and Jerry were to be married she said she didn’t want a white persons wedding, â€Å"forsaking all others, because I knew at any time our masters could compel us to break that promise. (Narrative 18)† She had two children whom she tried to love faithfully. Her daughter was, in contrast to Sethe’s first daughter, sold away from her. Her son however, was able to stay with her throughout her time in slavery. In both of these stories the point of view of the story is told through the eyes of a woman, which in the fictional Beloved, Morrison uses all the horrors of a black woman through Sethe, whereas Aunt Betty’s real life showed some of the trials of Sethe but not to the same degree. My Grandparents and Unconditional Love EssayIn closing, Toni Morrison uses a fictional character in a fictional story to show us the horrors of the life of being a female slave. We see some of the same horrors in the actual experiences of Aunt Betty. Morrison also shows us the intense amount of courage it took for slaves at that time, especially a pregnant, raped, and beaten woman, to have in order to capture their freedom in a new land. This is paralleled in Aunt Betty’s story because instead of using courage to try and escape she focuses her courage on trying to survive where she is a little longer. Finally Morrison shows how hard it must have been for slaves in that time to deal with the guilt and memory of the choices for survival they had to make through the character of Sethe. Both Sethe and Betty had to come to grips with their past in order to be able to have any future life or family for themselves. In Beloved, Toni Morrison’s fictional depiction of total hel l for a black woman named Sethe is in some ways realistically shown through the story of Aunt Betty in both their struggles to get to a free society.

Rap and Moral character free essay sample

Susan Dwyer, the subject of concern is the consequences of listening to rap music and the effect it has on moral character. The author argues that rap music contribute to the corruption of moral character, It Is misogynistic, promotes violence and street crime. In this paper I will examine the authors claims, use of key concepts, and her reasoning. By doing so, I will be able to demonstrate that Dryers thesis is unjust and unsupported.In what follows, I will analyze the claims to show that the authors arguments are irrelevant and lack efficient evidence to support her thesis. Secondly, I will examine the authors reasoning to point out fallacious reasoning and lastly I will evaluate her use of key There are about 7 claims In the article. However, many of them were concepts. Only used to demonstrate and explain issues regarding rap and moral behavior. The author begins the argument by claiming rap music is both a sign of and contributes to a form of corruption of moral character. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap and Moral character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This particular claim is empirical because the author did not offer her reader any type of verification or facts to prove her point. Dwyer failed to demonstrate how peoples moral character Is corrupted by listening to rap music. Many people enjoy listening to different types of music for different reasons. Rap music does not determine the persons character or behaviors. Rap music does not contribute too form of corruption of moral character. Rap music has come a long way and has been shaped by different skills of various rappers who reflect a blend of elements into fascinating wordplay.It has become very popular among young people; they listen to it as a form of entertainment and rap songs have eloped many people through tough times the same way Johnny Cash and country music helps people. Music Is music everyone has their own preference. Rap music can help people build a positive character; for instance, a rap song called ;till we meet again by Shawn Carter, a famous America rapper who lost his younger brother to gun violence. In his song lyric, he talked about how the death of his younger brother affected him emotionally and physically for many years.He turned to writing Rap as a healthy way to cope and escape from reality. Rap artists write vivid lyrics bout real life scenarios, situations and feelings that many can relate to and learn from. Rap songs can be Inspiring and can have a positive Impact on Individuals. On the contrary, the author might argue that rap music has a negative impact on peoples attitude and behaviors. Rap lyrics and videos are full of images of ;hoes and pimps, guns and violence. These degrading rap lyrics and videos are seen everywhere and in many peoples eyes this has become normal and entertaining.People that listen to and watch such material on a regular basis usually choose to live their lives In the fast lane. By seeing their favorite Icons possessing fancy cars, clothes, jewelry and lots of money, many of them join street gangs as a means to obtain these things. They start to rob, steal, vandalize, kill and destroy others. Quite frankly when people choose to live their life this way, they either end up behind bars or killed. On the whole rap music does not influence good behavior in people, it corrupts them and changes who they are as a person.Rap music does not Influence bad actions, but reflects on struggles In life and problems with the society as child poverty, violence against women and HIVE disease. As far as it goes, issues as such have affected many women and children around the world. He raises awareness through his music and by speaking in public. Kane is an advocate for women and children that are affected by this matter. He has raised thousands of dollars to support this cause. Rap music can send out positive messages about equality and change.The author has committed a few fallacious arguments in the article. One of the fallacies that stood out to me was the fallacy of presumption. It was stated as; people that choose to listen to and watch such material on a regular Asia are saying something about their own moral character, about what they value, about who they are. Seeking out such material is like seeking out and choosing to watch portrayals of atrocities, such as rapes and violence. This argument is invalid and unsound. The author is in the wrong for making such statement.Rap music is just like country and rock music. People enjoy listening to different types of music for various reasons, one of which can be for entertainment purposes. Listening to and watching rap music does not determine a persons moral character and who they are In contrast the author can take the position to defend that the s a person. Argument raised is valid and sound. People who enjoy listening to and watching such degrading videos, crass material, and violence are saying something about their character and what they value as a person.The authors use of key concepts in the article can be very offensive to the artist that produce the music and to the fans that listen to it. Many of the key concepts were about the harms of rap music on ones moral character. Several people, especially youth can relate to rap music and the lyrics. Many rap artists rap about their life stories in the lyrics. They write about their mint of view on life through their own lens and the way they see things. Many rap artists grow up in extreme poverty and harsh circumstances that would be difficult for some to understand.Their songs reflect the environment that they know and the things they see. For instance, Outpace Shaker was a famous rapper in the nineties; he grew up in poverty, his mother was addicted to crack cocaine and he did not have a father fugue in his life. By the time he was a teenager he was in and out of detentions centers; he was involved in selling drugs as a way to support himself and his family. His music lyrics inspired many young people around the globe. He wrote about people being killed in the ghetto and how rap music saved his life.Young males that grow up in poverty, without a father end up turning to rap as a positive outlet (escape) and look up to the artist as role model. Rap music changed the life of Outpace Shaker and inspired many young people around the globe. The author might argue that the key concepts used in the article are relevant and speak volume about what rap music can do to a person who believe and enjoy such material. For instance, teenagers have been turning to rap music to solve their problems; however t can be very destructive in the building of their moral character. They look up to the rappers that rap about violence, drugs and killing of cops as role model. Teenagers are easily influence by what they see and hear, however, music producers usually market these types of music to them. Rap music can also have a negative impact on language and speech. In many rap songs, the ;N word is used several times. Slang and ungrammatical sentences are also used. For example, ;imam be, we go party it ungrammatical sentences, the more they will use it in their daily speech. Rap music goes not change a persons moral character or behavior and lead to corruption. If that were the case, everyone that has been exposed to media, whether it is through television shows, magazines, movies or music would have a poor moral character. The author of this article does raise interesting arguments to be heard but that is all it is. The author makes some very bold statements without backing them up and providing the reader with facts or strong examples. Bad behavior, corruption of moral character, violence and crime have been around long before rap music and will be around long after rap music.

Free Essays on Getting Near To Baby

This book â€Å"Getting Near to Baby† was written by Audrey Couloumbis. Not to mention it is a Newberry Award Winner. There are 221 pages packed full of real life problems that a young girl named Willa Jo Dean goes through. She has a young sister that goes by Little Sister who move to Raleigh to live with their dreadful Aunt Patty and their loving Uncle Hob. Some other main characters are Aunt Patty, Uncle Hob, Peter, Tressa, Mrs. Wainwright and Cynthia. Things don’t feel right to young Willa Jo Dean. She wants to open her eyes in the morning and see her very own wallpaper with the tiny blue flowers and pink rosebuds. Her Aunt Patty does not believe in putting up wallpaper not even in the bathrooms, so Willa Jo Dean and her Little Sister have to wake up to plain, washed out, white walls. She wants her Mother to read to them for an hour before bedtime, and to have all of them clump together like alligators in the sun so they can all look at the pictures together just like old times. But all Aunt Patty does is tucks them into bed before it is even dark! Every night they pray for their Mother for they are worried about her considering she is sleeping all alone. They worry that she does not eat right, now that she does not have to feed them. They miss her. The story starts off with Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister up on the roof early in the morning when Mrs. Garber jogs by. Who then jogs by and comes back and rings the doorbell. Aunt Patty opens the door and then there are some whispers and then a loud sqwauk by Aunt Patty. She had found there secret getaway. The roof was where Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister spent most of there free time, up on the roof. Littler Sister joined her up there not by Willa Jo Deans’ choice but simply because Little Sister followed her everywhere. Aunt Patty a short a wide person soon screeches for Willa Jo and Little Sister to get down there at that moment waking the neighborhood and every animal too. ... Free Essays on Getting Near To Baby Free Essays on Getting Near To Baby This book â€Å"Getting Near to Baby† was written by Audrey Couloumbis. Not to mention it is a Newberry Award Winner. There are 221 pages packed full of real life problems that a young girl named Willa Jo Dean goes through. She has a young sister that goes by Little Sister who move to Raleigh to live with their dreadful Aunt Patty and their loving Uncle Hob. Some other main characters are Aunt Patty, Uncle Hob, Peter, Tressa, Mrs. Wainwright and Cynthia. Things don’t feel right to young Willa Jo Dean. She wants to open her eyes in the morning and see her very own wallpaper with the tiny blue flowers and pink rosebuds. Her Aunt Patty does not believe in putting up wallpaper not even in the bathrooms, so Willa Jo Dean and her Little Sister have to wake up to plain, washed out, white walls. She wants her Mother to read to them for an hour before bedtime, and to have all of them clump together like alligators in the sun so they can all look at the pictures together just like old times. But all Aunt Patty does is tucks them into bed before it is even dark! Every night they pray for their Mother for they are worried about her considering she is sleeping all alone. They worry that she does not eat right, now that she does not have to feed them. They miss her. The story starts off with Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister up on the roof early in the morning when Mrs. Garber jogs by. Who then jogs by and comes back and rings the doorbell. Aunt Patty opens the door and then there are some whispers and then a loud sqwauk by Aunt Patty. She had found there secret getaway. The roof was where Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister spent most of there free time, up on the roof. Littler Sister joined her up there not by Willa Jo Deans’ choice but simply because Little Sister followed her everywhere. Aunt Patty a short a wide person soon screeches for Willa Jo and Little Sister to get down there at that moment waking the neighborhood and every animal too. ...

PROTEST AND REFORM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PROTEST AND REFORM - Essay Example Malcom X supported his belief by using intensity within his argument that separation of White and Black Americans is the only way to achieve success for the Negros. The use of voice inflection, hand gestures, and body language are important factors in this style of speech oration. Continual repetition of facts that Negros were not welcome in the United States further stressed the message being delivered to the public audiences (The Ballot, 2000). While Malcom X was suggesting that solution was segregation, King was offering love and unity to solve the problem. Compare and Contrast Civil Rights and Women’s Rights Fredrick Douglass, Rosa Parks, and Oliver Brown supported the Civil Rights Movement that allowed African American individuals the right to every benefit afforded the White population. Fredrick Douglass was named the father of Civil Rights as he pushed for the abolishment of slavery in the 1800s (Fremarjo, 2011). Rosa Parks was a black woman who refused to give up her s eat on a bus to a White person and move to the back of the bus (Parks, 2012). Her actions sparked monumental actions toward desegregation. Oliver Brown petitioned the school to allow his student to attend a school that was closer to their home. The ruling on this court case â€Å"Brown vs. ... Even though it did not happen overnight, women did earn the right to vote and were allowed into the workforce. Susan B. Anthony was a staunch supporter of Women’s Rights from the beginning of the idea. For over 50 years, she promoted the idea that women suffrage was needed (Lindor, 2001). In 1872 Anthony saw her voting ballot drop into the ballot box. The trial that ensued allowed her to spread her message to a larger audience than previously encountered. Elizabeth Stanton named her occupation as a Women’s Rights Activist. Not only did she promote the right to vote for women, but she also supported the abolishment of slavery. Stanton delivered speeches that accused the bible and men of denying women their rights. Stanton published a critique of the bible and received considerable from religious groups and community members alike (Stanton, 2012). The difference between the Civil Rights Movement and Women’s Rights was that one dealt with ethnicity rights and the ot her dealt with gender rights. The similarities existed in the fact that each group was fighting for the right to benefit from all the privileges afforded to other individuals who were not confined by color or gender. The use of violent and nonviolent protests were present in each movement. The individuals who supported the movements were in danger of jail or torture in each historical event. Persuasive Attempts Many types of persuasive action has been enacted to convince another person of accepting or changing beliefs that were not originally their own. Influence has been the practice of orators around the world. Techniques that have been used throughout history include: Getting the audience’s attention Creating or identifying a need, problem, or desire Offering a solution

Short-term obligations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Short-term obligations - Essay Example It is evident from the study that businesses apply a variety of ways to finance their short term obligations. The obligations are outstanding payments that are to be made but outweigh organization’s current assets. As a result, external sources are the only available options for offsetting the liabilities. One off the approaches to financing ‘short-term’ obligation is the use of trade creditors. Creditors are entities that are owed money by the organization for goods delivered or services offered to the company. They occur when benefits are received but no consideration is transferred. The effect of trade creditors is that they allow for retention of cash and cash equivalence within the organization. The cash that would have been paid to the creditors can then be used as a source of finance to ‘short-term’ obligation. ‘Short term’ obligations can also be financed through ‘short term’ loans. Banks and other financial instituti ons offer financial services that an organization can use for financing its current liabilities. There exists a wide variety of ‘short term’ loans. Unsecured loans as well as loans that are offered upon guarantee are examples of available options from the financial institutions. â€Å"Revolving line of credit† is another possible option for financing the ‘short term’ obligations. The arrangement in which a bank agrees to offer specified amount of money to an enterprise on a renewable term provides availability of funds as may be needed by an organization. This is because once an arrangement is made for the revolving fund; the company is assured of obtaining it in case of need. (Worldacademy, n.d., 1; Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2011, 577). Factoring is another suitable approach to financing ‘short term’ obligations. This is defined as the transfer of rights over debtors to a third party for finances. The arrangement involves a form of sale of debtors’ accounts to another entity that will then offer money based on the accounts receivables balances and the risks involved in the accounts. The transaction also offers money for offsetting ‘short term’ obligations. Other possible methods of financing ‘

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 18

Research Paper Example Despite such determinations by the report, numerous other conspiracies arose to the fore following the shooting incidence thus portraying the primary effects of widespread speculations and alleged conspiracies about the incidence as portrayed in the discussion below. Doorley Helio, 241 explain that conspiracy theorists will always provide evidence in order to validate their claims. The conspiracy theorists in Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting used numerous evidences availed by preliminary media reports to back their rumors. The official reports as released by both the media and the official government reports released close to a year later revealed that the shooter identified as Adam Lanza acted alone and killed his mother before driving to the school where he killed six teachers and twenty pupils. Among the evidences the numerous conspirators use to support their theories included wrong photos, wrong identity of the shooter, weapons used and incorrect locations of the shoot out among other basic evidences peddled by the preliminary media reports. Apparently, after arriving at the scene of crime numerous local and internal media began delivering different reports. Each media institution strived to deliver its objective sand authoritative cov erage of the incident thus developing and fostering some of the conspiracies that surrounded the shooting incident. Just as was the case with the September 11 terrorist attack, conspiracy theorists gave varied viewpoints on the incidence. People began giving varied accounts and explanations of the incident. Among the conspiracies was the American involvement in the shooting. Such theories alleged that the government carried out the shooting with the view of heightening the discussion on gun control in the country (Stuart 1). Gun control policies are some of the most contentious issues in the United States. The high crime

Medicolegal Investigation Of Death Forensic Entomology Criminology Essay

Medicolegal Investigation Of Death Forensic Entomology Criminology Essay The study of insects that inhabit decomposing human remains as it relates to the medicolegal investigation of death is commonly known as forensic entomology. (Byers) The diversity of the field, a general overview of common insect life cycles and habits, and the data collection methods of insects, weather information, and scene observations will all be covered. The interpretation and application of entomological data recovered from the death scene will aid the Medical Examiner in establishing an estimated time since death or postmortem interval. Forensic entomology is subdivided into: medicolegal, urban, and stored product pests. The urban aspect involves insect infestation in homes, gardens, or other buildings that cause civil disputes among neighbors. The stored product pests division typically involves insect infestations that are founding food contamination cases. The medicolegal branch deals with the feeding insects that infest humans (dead or alive). Insect infestations on living humans may indicate neglect or abuse. (Byrd) For the context of this paper the focus will be on the medicolegal branch of forensic entomology. Insect habits and life cycles play a significant role in forensic entomology. Knowledge of the insects that inhabit the human body postmortem is very important. Understanding the succession of blowflies, beetles, and other insects is crucial in establishing the postmortem interval. The blowfly is the most common fly found all over the world even though it favors warm moist climates. The life cycle of the blowfly has been well observed and documented making this a great staple in forensic entomology.(Byers) Adult blowflies begin feeding and laying eggs on a body within minutes of death.(Chang) The eggs hatch into first instar (larva stage) between 6 and 48 hours depending on the temperature and begin feeding immediately. Each of the three instar phases is followed by a moulting (skin shedding) event in which the larva grow and gain another larger mouth opening and hook for feeding. The three instar phases can take anywhere from 3 to 10 days to complete. These stages remain fairly cons tant depending on the temperature. After the third moult the larva is done growing and migrates away from the body to the ground to pupate. Pupating can take 14 days or longer depending on the temperature. Once the adult fly emerges a few hours are needed to dry its wings before the process starts over again. Adult flies can live around 30 days. This cycle is typical of most species of flies only variable being the timing of stages.(Byers) Beetles inhabit the body within two days of death. Some beetles consume flesh but most devour fly eggs and larvae. Rove beetles develop extremely fast.(Chang) These beetles inhabit early to feed on fly larvae and to lay eggs of their own inside the corpse. The emerging beetle larvae also prey on fly larvae. Some species of beetles have extended egg development periods and their larvae can be found in later stages of decomposition. Beetle larvae differ from fly larvae by the presence of 3 pair of legs that fly maggots lack.(Byrd) Dermestid beetles come during the final stages of decomposition to feed on the dried tendons and bones of the remains.(Chang) These are the only beetles that possess enzymes that break down the keratin protein components of hair. Wasps, ants, and bees come to the body to feed on the insects that are feeding on the cadaver. The problem is that they may consume vital information for establishing a postmortem interval. Moths are usually the last to arrive consuming any leftover hair. The collection of circumstantial information is very important. Notes should be taken upon arrival at the scene. The proximity of the body to vegetation, general habitat, sunlight conditions, distance from open windows and doors (if found inside), localization of insects on the body, insect stages present, and any apparent scavenging from other animals should be thoroughly noted. The ground surface temperature, maggot mass temperature, temperature of air (from approximately chest height in the shade), temperature between the body and ground, and after the body is removed the temperature of the soil directly underneath the body should also be noted. Lastly, the maximum and minimum daily temperatures and rainfall for approximately two weeks before the person went missing to five days after recovery should be retrieved from a local weather station.(Byrd) After notes are taken insect collection begins. Due to their ability to flee the scene adult flies and beetles should be collected first and placed in killing jars (jar of cotton balls soaked in ethyl acetate) to immobilize them. Once immobilized, specimens should be placed in a solution of 75% ethyl alcohol for preservation. Samples of eggs, largest larvae seen, and up to 100 larvae should collected for preservation and live observation. Pupa casings are usually overlooked but should also be collected. They have a strong relevance to entomologist. Along with the insects, soil samples are collected for further testing. Immediately after each sample is collected the vial should be labeled with all of the following information: geographical location, case number, date and hour of collection, location on body recovered from, and the person who collected the specimen.(Byrd) The knowledge from forensic entomology can assist the Medical Examiner with estimating the postmortem interval or time since death by giving an estimated time since colonization. The process can be challenging you account for all the factors that play a role in insect maturation, activity, and succession. Analyzing insect maturation correctly can give you an approximate postmortem interval within 5 to 6 hours of death. (Gannon) A fly life cycle can span between 9 and 35 days depending on the species. Identifying larvae of a known species during a particular instar phase in conjunction with weather conditions can produce a fairly accurate postmortem interval. Succession is used to establish a wider postmortem interval than when using maturation. Flies arrive almost immediately to feed and lay eggs on the body followed by beetles to feed on fly larvae days to weeks later. As time passes beetles will outnumber flies as soft tissue supplies diminish. Some case studies have documented the importance of the fly to beetle ratio. If only flies are present the postmortem interval is less than 3 days. When flies largely outnumber beetles the postmortem interval is between 3 and 13 days. When beetles and flies are almost equal the postmortem interval is 13 to 25 days. If beetles largely outnumber flies or are the only insect present studies show the postmortem interval is over 25 days. One problem with using insect succession to establish postmortem interval is that is can only be determined between a few days up to one year.(Byers) Some insects are only active during specific seasons throughout the year, so the presence of an insect (dead or alive) can narrow down the postmortem interval to a specific season. (Byers) Other major issues with using succession to estimate the postmortem interval is the reoccurrence of the same insects during later phases of decomposition, varying temperatures throw off balance the timings of life cycles, and the poor documentation of beetle life cycles.(Weiss) Forensic entomology can also reveal other circumstances surrounding the death. Postmortem body movement can de determined if the insects recovered from the body are not indigenous to the region the body is located. The absence of insects can reveal that the body may have been frozen which would not make it a desirable place for egg laying, or that the body may have tightly sealed or buried deep underground making it inaccessible to insects. An unusual succession of insects to the body may also indicate freezing or wrapping of the body. Antemortem and postmortem circumstances of the crime may present themselves by the recovery of insect species that usually only attract to fecal and urine soaked clothing, which can indicates abuse, rape or some type of incapacitation. If these conditions were not present the insects would be absent. (Byrd) Skeletonization of remains can happen quickly due to insect activity causing valuable body tissues and fluids needed for toxicological analysis to be lost. In spite of the loss of human tissues, toxicological analysis of the insect larvae that have fed on the body can be successful due to the larval tissues acquiring the toxins and drugs that were stored in the human body tissues before death.(Byrd) Forensic entomology is a diverse field that can be used in many avenues of death investigation. A general knowledge of common insects found inhabiting decomposing remains is important in helping to establish an estimated postmortem interval. In order to come to any conclusion on postmortem intervals the data collected from the insects, weather, and environment have to be analyzed collectively. Forensic entomology also aids legal personnel in evaluating special circumstances involving a death in question. Even though forensic entomology has its positive and negative aspects it can be a useful alternative in estimating postmortem intervals if other resources and information on the body found is limited. RESOURCES: Byrd, Dr.J. H. Forensic Entomology. Ed. Dr.J. H. Byrd. N.p., 1998. Web. 6 July 2010. . Byers, Steven N. Introduction to Forensic Anthropology. Third ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn Bacon, 2008. 122-25. Print. Gannon, Robert. The Body Farm. (includes related article on chronology of decomposition). . Popular Science. 251.n3 (Sept 1997): 77(5). General OneFile. Gale. Mott Community College. 6 July 2010 Chang, Maria L. Fly witness. Science World. 54.n3 (Oct 1997): 8(4). General OneFile. Gale. Mott Community College. 6 July 2010 Weiss, Rick. Incrimination by insect: private eyes find a friend in flies. Science News. 134.n6 (August 6, 1988): 90(1). General OneFile. Gale. Mott Community College. 6 July 2010

A Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Physician Assi

A Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the biggest controversies of this decade is euthanasia. Euthanasia is "inducing the painless death of a person for reasons assumed to be merciful?(Henrickson and Martin 24). There are four types of euthanasia voluntary and direct, voluntary but indirect, direct but involuntary, and indirect and involuntary. Voluntary and direct euthanasia is "chosen and carried out by the patient.? Voluntary but indirect euthanasia is chosen in advance. Direct but involuntary euthanasia is done for the patient without his or her request. Indirect and involuntary euthanasia occurs when a hospital decides that it is time to remove life support (Fletcher 42-3).    Euthanasia can be traced as far back as to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It was sometimes allowed in these civilizations to help others die. Voluntary euthanasia was approved in these ancient societies. As time passed, religion increased, and life was viewed to be sacred. Euthanasia in any form was seen as wrong (Encarta 98).    In this century there have been many groups formed that are for and against euthanasia. In 1935 the first group that was for the legalization of euthanasia was formed. It was called the Voluntary Euthanasia Society and was started by a group of doctors in London (The Voluntary Euthanasia Society). The first society established in the United States came shortly after in 1938. It was called the Hemlock Society and it now consists of more than 67,000 members. The purpose of this society is to support your decision to die and to offer support when you are ready to die (Humphrey 186). This society also believes that a person must have believed in euthanasia for a certain amount of time be... .... Jack Kevorkian." Online. Internet. 25 Oct. 1996. Final Exit.org. Fletcher, Joseph. "The Case for Euthanasia." Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1981. 37-45. Harris, Curtis. "Withholding Food and Fluids: What Happens." Life Cycle. April 1991: 4. Henrickson, John and Thomas Martin. "Euthanasia Should Not Be Permitted." Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1981. 23-26. Horkan, Thomas. "Legislation That Complicates Dying." Eds. Gary McCuen and Therese Boucher. Hudson: Gary McCuen Publications, 1985. 69-72. Humphry, Derek. Dying With Dignity. New York: Birch Lane, 1992. Pahl, Stewart. "I Favor Merciful Termination of Life." Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1981. 18-22. Voluntary Euthanasia Society. Online. Internet. 14 Jan. 1999. ves.com.