Rap and Moral character free essay sample

Susan Dwyer, the subject of concern is the consequences of listening to rap music and the effect it has on moral character. The author argues that rap music contribute to the corruption of moral character, It Is misogynistic, promotes violence and street crime. In this paper I will examine the authors claims, use of key concepts, and her reasoning. By doing so, I will be able to demonstrate that Dryers thesis is unjust and unsupported.In what follows, I will analyze the claims to show that the authors arguments are irrelevant and lack efficient evidence to support her thesis. Secondly, I will examine the authors reasoning to point out fallacious reasoning and lastly I will evaluate her use of key There are about 7 claims In the article. However, many of them were concepts. Only used to demonstrate and explain issues regarding rap and moral behavior. The author begins the argument by claiming rap music is both a sign of and contributes to a form of corruption of moral character. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap and Moral character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This particular claim is empirical because the author did not offer her reader any type of verification or facts to prove her point. Dwyer failed to demonstrate how peoples moral character Is corrupted by listening to rap music. Many people enjoy listening to different types of music for different reasons. Rap music does not determine the persons character or behaviors. Rap music does not contribute too form of corruption of moral character. Rap music has come a long way and has been shaped by different skills of various rappers who reflect a blend of elements into fascinating wordplay.It has become very popular among young people; they listen to it as a form of entertainment and rap songs have eloped many people through tough times the same way Johnny Cash and country music helps people. Music Is music everyone has their own preference. Rap music can help people build a positive character; for instance, a rap song called ;till we meet again by Shawn Carter, a famous America rapper who lost his younger brother to gun violence. In his song lyric, he talked about how the death of his younger brother affected him emotionally and physically for many years.He turned to writing Rap as a healthy way to cope and escape from reality. Rap artists write vivid lyrics bout real life scenarios, situations and feelings that many can relate to and learn from. Rap songs can be Inspiring and can have a positive Impact on Individuals. On the contrary, the author might argue that rap music has a negative impact on peoples attitude and behaviors. Rap lyrics and videos are full of images of ;hoes and pimps, guns and violence. These degrading rap lyrics and videos are seen everywhere and in many peoples eyes this has become normal and entertaining.People that listen to and watch such material on a regular basis usually choose to live their lives In the fast lane. By seeing their favorite Icons possessing fancy cars, clothes, jewelry and lots of money, many of them join street gangs as a means to obtain these things. They start to rob, steal, vandalize, kill and destroy others. Quite frankly when people choose to live their life this way, they either end up behind bars or killed. On the whole rap music does not influence good behavior in people, it corrupts them and changes who they are as a person.Rap music does not Influence bad actions, but reflects on struggles In life and problems with the society as child poverty, violence against women and HIVE disease. As far as it goes, issues as such have affected many women and children around the world. He raises awareness through his music and by speaking in public. Kane is an advocate for women and children that are affected by this matter. He has raised thousands of dollars to support this cause. Rap music can send out positive messages about equality and change.The author has committed a few fallacious arguments in the article. One of the fallacies that stood out to me was the fallacy of presumption. It was stated as; people that choose to listen to and watch such material on a regular Asia are saying something about their own moral character, about what they value, about who they are. Seeking out such material is like seeking out and choosing to watch portrayals of atrocities, such as rapes and violence. This argument is invalid and unsound. The author is in the wrong for making such statement.Rap music is just like country and rock music. People enjoy listening to different types of music for various reasons, one of which can be for entertainment purposes. Listening to and watching rap music does not determine a persons moral character and who they are In contrast the author can take the position to defend that the s a person. Argument raised is valid and sound. People who enjoy listening to and watching such degrading videos, crass material, and violence are saying something about their character and what they value as a person.The authors use of key concepts in the article can be very offensive to the artist that produce the music and to the fans that listen to it. Many of the key concepts were about the harms of rap music on ones moral character. Several people, especially youth can relate to rap music and the lyrics. Many rap artists rap about their life stories in the lyrics. They write about their mint of view on life through their own lens and the way they see things. Many rap artists grow up in extreme poverty and harsh circumstances that would be difficult for some to understand.Their songs reflect the environment that they know and the things they see. For instance, Outpace Shaker was a famous rapper in the nineties; he grew up in poverty, his mother was addicted to crack cocaine and he did not have a father fugue in his life. By the time he was a teenager he was in and out of detentions centers; he was involved in selling drugs as a way to support himself and his family. His music lyrics inspired many young people around the globe. He wrote about people being killed in the ghetto and how rap music saved his life.Young males that grow up in poverty, without a father end up turning to rap as a positive outlet (escape) and look up to the artist as role model. Rap music changed the life of Outpace Shaker and inspired many young people around the globe. The author might argue that the key concepts used in the article are relevant and speak volume about what rap music can do to a person who believe and enjoy such material. For instance, teenagers have been turning to rap music to solve their problems; however t can be very destructive in the building of their moral character. They look up to the rappers that rap about violence, drugs and killing of cops as role model. Teenagers are easily influence by what they see and hear, however, music producers usually market these types of music to them. Rap music can also have a negative impact on language and speech. In many rap songs, the ;N word is used several times. Slang and ungrammatical sentences are also used. For example, ;imam be, we go party it ungrammatical sentences, the more they will use it in their daily speech. Rap music goes not change a persons moral character or behavior and lead to corruption. If that were the case, everyone that has been exposed to media, whether it is through television shows, magazines, movies or music would have a poor moral character. The author of this article does raise interesting arguments to be heard but that is all it is. The author makes some very bold statements without backing them up and providing the reader with facts or strong examples. Bad behavior, corruption of moral character, violence and crime have been around long before rap music and will be around long after rap music.

Free Essays on Getting Near To Baby

This book â€Å"Getting Near to Baby† was written by Audrey Couloumbis. Not to mention it is a Newberry Award Winner. There are 221 pages packed full of real life problems that a young girl named Willa Jo Dean goes through. She has a young sister that goes by Little Sister who move to Raleigh to live with their dreadful Aunt Patty and their loving Uncle Hob. Some other main characters are Aunt Patty, Uncle Hob, Peter, Tressa, Mrs. Wainwright and Cynthia. Things don’t feel right to young Willa Jo Dean. She wants to open her eyes in the morning and see her very own wallpaper with the tiny blue flowers and pink rosebuds. Her Aunt Patty does not believe in putting up wallpaper not even in the bathrooms, so Willa Jo Dean and her Little Sister have to wake up to plain, washed out, white walls. She wants her Mother to read to them for an hour before bedtime, and to have all of them clump together like alligators in the sun so they can all look at the pictures together just like old times. But all Aunt Patty does is tucks them into bed before it is even dark! Every night they pray for their Mother for they are worried about her considering she is sleeping all alone. They worry that she does not eat right, now that she does not have to feed them. They miss her. The story starts off with Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister up on the roof early in the morning when Mrs. Garber jogs by. Who then jogs by and comes back and rings the doorbell. Aunt Patty opens the door and then there are some whispers and then a loud sqwauk by Aunt Patty. She had found there secret getaway. The roof was where Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister spent most of there free time, up on the roof. Littler Sister joined her up there not by Willa Jo Deans’ choice but simply because Little Sister followed her everywhere. Aunt Patty a short a wide person soon screeches for Willa Jo and Little Sister to get down there at that moment waking the neighborhood and every animal too. ... Free Essays on Getting Near To Baby Free Essays on Getting Near To Baby This book â€Å"Getting Near to Baby† was written by Audrey Couloumbis. Not to mention it is a Newberry Award Winner. There are 221 pages packed full of real life problems that a young girl named Willa Jo Dean goes through. She has a young sister that goes by Little Sister who move to Raleigh to live with their dreadful Aunt Patty and their loving Uncle Hob. Some other main characters are Aunt Patty, Uncle Hob, Peter, Tressa, Mrs. Wainwright and Cynthia. Things don’t feel right to young Willa Jo Dean. She wants to open her eyes in the morning and see her very own wallpaper with the tiny blue flowers and pink rosebuds. Her Aunt Patty does not believe in putting up wallpaper not even in the bathrooms, so Willa Jo Dean and her Little Sister have to wake up to plain, washed out, white walls. She wants her Mother to read to them for an hour before bedtime, and to have all of them clump together like alligators in the sun so they can all look at the pictures together just like old times. But all Aunt Patty does is tucks them into bed before it is even dark! Every night they pray for their Mother for they are worried about her considering she is sleeping all alone. They worry that she does not eat right, now that she does not have to feed them. They miss her. The story starts off with Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister up on the roof early in the morning when Mrs. Garber jogs by. Who then jogs by and comes back and rings the doorbell. Aunt Patty opens the door and then there are some whispers and then a loud sqwauk by Aunt Patty. She had found there secret getaway. The roof was where Willa Jo Dean and Little Sister spent most of there free time, up on the roof. Littler Sister joined her up there not by Willa Jo Deans’ choice but simply because Little Sister followed her everywhere. Aunt Patty a short a wide person soon screeches for Willa Jo and Little Sister to get down there at that moment waking the neighborhood and every animal too. ...

PROTEST AND REFORM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PROTEST AND REFORM - Essay Example Malcom X supported his belief by using intensity within his argument that separation of White and Black Americans is the only way to achieve success for the Negros. The use of voice inflection, hand gestures, and body language are important factors in this style of speech oration. Continual repetition of facts that Negros were not welcome in the United States further stressed the message being delivered to the public audiences (The Ballot, 2000). While Malcom X was suggesting that solution was segregation, King was offering love and unity to solve the problem. Compare and Contrast Civil Rights and Women’s Rights Fredrick Douglass, Rosa Parks, and Oliver Brown supported the Civil Rights Movement that allowed African American individuals the right to every benefit afforded the White population. Fredrick Douglass was named the father of Civil Rights as he pushed for the abolishment of slavery in the 1800s (Fremarjo, 2011). Rosa Parks was a black woman who refused to give up her s eat on a bus to a White person and move to the back of the bus (Parks, 2012). Her actions sparked monumental actions toward desegregation. Oliver Brown petitioned the school to allow his student to attend a school that was closer to their home. The ruling on this court case â€Å"Brown vs. ... Even though it did not happen overnight, women did earn the right to vote and were allowed into the workforce. Susan B. Anthony was a staunch supporter of Women’s Rights from the beginning of the idea. For over 50 years, she promoted the idea that women suffrage was needed (Lindor, 2001). In 1872 Anthony saw her voting ballot drop into the ballot box. The trial that ensued allowed her to spread her message to a larger audience than previously encountered. Elizabeth Stanton named her occupation as a Women’s Rights Activist. Not only did she promote the right to vote for women, but she also supported the abolishment of slavery. Stanton delivered speeches that accused the bible and men of denying women their rights. Stanton published a critique of the bible and received considerable from religious groups and community members alike (Stanton, 2012). The difference between the Civil Rights Movement and Women’s Rights was that one dealt with ethnicity rights and the ot her dealt with gender rights. The similarities existed in the fact that each group was fighting for the right to benefit from all the privileges afforded to other individuals who were not confined by color or gender. The use of violent and nonviolent protests were present in each movement. The individuals who supported the movements were in danger of jail or torture in each historical event. Persuasive Attempts Many types of persuasive action has been enacted to convince another person of accepting or changing beliefs that were not originally their own. Influence has been the practice of orators around the world. Techniques that have been used throughout history include: Getting the audience’s attention Creating or identifying a need, problem, or desire Offering a solution

Short-term obligations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Short-term obligations - Essay Example It is evident from the study that businesses apply a variety of ways to finance their short term obligations. The obligations are outstanding payments that are to be made but outweigh organization’s current assets. As a result, external sources are the only available options for offsetting the liabilities. One off the approaches to financing ‘short-term’ obligation is the use of trade creditors. Creditors are entities that are owed money by the organization for goods delivered or services offered to the company. They occur when benefits are received but no consideration is transferred. The effect of trade creditors is that they allow for retention of cash and cash equivalence within the organization. The cash that would have been paid to the creditors can then be used as a source of finance to ‘short-term’ obligation. ‘Short term’ obligations can also be financed through ‘short term’ loans. Banks and other financial instituti ons offer financial services that an organization can use for financing its current liabilities. There exists a wide variety of ‘short term’ loans. Unsecured loans as well as loans that are offered upon guarantee are examples of available options from the financial institutions. â€Å"Revolving line of credit† is another possible option for financing the ‘short term’ obligations. The arrangement in which a bank agrees to offer specified amount of money to an enterprise on a renewable term provides availability of funds as may be needed by an organization. This is because once an arrangement is made for the revolving fund; the company is assured of obtaining it in case of need. (Worldacademy, n.d., 1; Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2011, 577). Factoring is another suitable approach to financing ‘short term’ obligations. This is defined as the transfer of rights over debtors to a third party for finances. The arrangement involves a form of sale of debtors’ accounts to another entity that will then offer money based on the accounts receivables balances and the risks involved in the accounts. The transaction also offers money for offsetting ‘short term’ obligations. Other possible methods of financing ‘

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 18

Research Paper Example Despite such determinations by the report, numerous other conspiracies arose to the fore following the shooting incidence thus portraying the primary effects of widespread speculations and alleged conspiracies about the incidence as portrayed in the discussion below. Doorley Helio, 241 explain that conspiracy theorists will always provide evidence in order to validate their claims. The conspiracy theorists in Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting used numerous evidences availed by preliminary media reports to back their rumors. The official reports as released by both the media and the official government reports released close to a year later revealed that the shooter identified as Adam Lanza acted alone and killed his mother before driving to the school where he killed six teachers and twenty pupils. Among the evidences the numerous conspirators use to support their theories included wrong photos, wrong identity of the shooter, weapons used and incorrect locations of the shoot out among other basic evidences peddled by the preliminary media reports. Apparently, after arriving at the scene of crime numerous local and internal media began delivering different reports. Each media institution strived to deliver its objective sand authoritative cov erage of the incident thus developing and fostering some of the conspiracies that surrounded the shooting incident. Just as was the case with the September 11 terrorist attack, conspiracy theorists gave varied viewpoints on the incidence. People began giving varied accounts and explanations of the incident. Among the conspiracies was the American involvement in the shooting. Such theories alleged that the government carried out the shooting with the view of heightening the discussion on gun control in the country (Stuart 1). Gun control policies are some of the most contentious issues in the United States. The high crime

Medicolegal Investigation Of Death Forensic Entomology Criminology Essay

Medicolegal Investigation Of Death Forensic Entomology Criminology Essay The study of insects that inhabit decomposing human remains as it relates to the medicolegal investigation of death is commonly known as forensic entomology. (Byers) The diversity of the field, a general overview of common insect life cycles and habits, and the data collection methods of insects, weather information, and scene observations will all be covered. The interpretation and application of entomological data recovered from the death scene will aid the Medical Examiner in establishing an estimated time since death or postmortem interval. Forensic entomology is subdivided into: medicolegal, urban, and stored product pests. The urban aspect involves insect infestation in homes, gardens, or other buildings that cause civil disputes among neighbors. The stored product pests division typically involves insect infestations that are founding food contamination cases. The medicolegal branch deals with the feeding insects that infest humans (dead or alive). Insect infestations on living humans may indicate neglect or abuse. (Byrd) For the context of this paper the focus will be on the medicolegal branch of forensic entomology. Insect habits and life cycles play a significant role in forensic entomology. Knowledge of the insects that inhabit the human body postmortem is very important. Understanding the succession of blowflies, beetles, and other insects is crucial in establishing the postmortem interval. The blowfly is the most common fly found all over the world even though it favors warm moist climates. The life cycle of the blowfly has been well observed and documented making this a great staple in forensic entomology.(Byers) Adult blowflies begin feeding and laying eggs on a body within minutes of death.(Chang) The eggs hatch into first instar (larva stage) between 6 and 48 hours depending on the temperature and begin feeding immediately. Each of the three instar phases is followed by a moulting (skin shedding) event in which the larva grow and gain another larger mouth opening and hook for feeding. The three instar phases can take anywhere from 3 to 10 days to complete. These stages remain fairly cons tant depending on the temperature. After the third moult the larva is done growing and migrates away from the body to the ground to pupate. Pupating can take 14 days or longer depending on the temperature. Once the adult fly emerges a few hours are needed to dry its wings before the process starts over again. Adult flies can live around 30 days. This cycle is typical of most species of flies only variable being the timing of stages.(Byers) Beetles inhabit the body within two days of death. Some beetles consume flesh but most devour fly eggs and larvae. Rove beetles develop extremely fast.(Chang) These beetles inhabit early to feed on fly larvae and to lay eggs of their own inside the corpse. The emerging beetle larvae also prey on fly larvae. Some species of beetles have extended egg development periods and their larvae can be found in later stages of decomposition. Beetle larvae differ from fly larvae by the presence of 3 pair of legs that fly maggots lack.(Byrd) Dermestid beetles come during the final stages of decomposition to feed on the dried tendons and bones of the remains.(Chang) These are the only beetles that possess enzymes that break down the keratin protein components of hair. Wasps, ants, and bees come to the body to feed on the insects that are feeding on the cadaver. The problem is that they may consume vital information for establishing a postmortem interval. Moths are usually the last to arrive consuming any leftover hair. The collection of circumstantial information is very important. Notes should be taken upon arrival at the scene. The proximity of the body to vegetation, general habitat, sunlight conditions, distance from open windows and doors (if found inside), localization of insects on the body, insect stages present, and any apparent scavenging from other animals should be thoroughly noted. The ground surface temperature, maggot mass temperature, temperature of air (from approximately chest height in the shade), temperature between the body and ground, and after the body is removed the temperature of the soil directly underneath the body should also be noted. Lastly, the maximum and minimum daily temperatures and rainfall for approximately two weeks before the person went missing to five days after recovery should be retrieved from a local weather station.(Byrd) After notes are taken insect collection begins. Due to their ability to flee the scene adult flies and beetles should be collected first and placed in killing jars (jar of cotton balls soaked in ethyl acetate) to immobilize them. Once immobilized, specimens should be placed in a solution of 75% ethyl alcohol for preservation. Samples of eggs, largest larvae seen, and up to 100 larvae should collected for preservation and live observation. Pupa casings are usually overlooked but should also be collected. They have a strong relevance to entomologist. Along with the insects, soil samples are collected for further testing. Immediately after each sample is collected the vial should be labeled with all of the following information: geographical location, case number, date and hour of collection, location on body recovered from, and the person who collected the specimen.(Byrd) The knowledge from forensic entomology can assist the Medical Examiner with estimating the postmortem interval or time since death by giving an estimated time since colonization. The process can be challenging you account for all the factors that play a role in insect maturation, activity, and succession. Analyzing insect maturation correctly can give you an approximate postmortem interval within 5 to 6 hours of death. (Gannon) A fly life cycle can span between 9 and 35 days depending on the species. Identifying larvae of a known species during a particular instar phase in conjunction with weather conditions can produce a fairly accurate postmortem interval. Succession is used to establish a wider postmortem interval than when using maturation. Flies arrive almost immediately to feed and lay eggs on the body followed by beetles to feed on fly larvae days to weeks later. As time passes beetles will outnumber flies as soft tissue supplies diminish. Some case studies have documented the importance of the fly to beetle ratio. If only flies are present the postmortem interval is less than 3 days. When flies largely outnumber beetles the postmortem interval is between 3 and 13 days. When beetles and flies are almost equal the postmortem interval is 13 to 25 days. If beetles largely outnumber flies or are the only insect present studies show the postmortem interval is over 25 days. One problem with using insect succession to establish postmortem interval is that is can only be determined between a few days up to one year.(Byers) Some insects are only active during specific seasons throughout the year, so the presence of an insect (dead or alive) can narrow down the postmortem interval to a specific season. (Byers) Other major issues with using succession to estimate the postmortem interval is the reoccurrence of the same insects during later phases of decomposition, varying temperatures throw off balance the timings of life cycles, and the poor documentation of beetle life cycles.(Weiss) Forensic entomology can also reveal other circumstances surrounding the death. Postmortem body movement can de determined if the insects recovered from the body are not indigenous to the region the body is located. The absence of insects can reveal that the body may have been frozen which would not make it a desirable place for egg laying, or that the body may have tightly sealed or buried deep underground making it inaccessible to insects. An unusual succession of insects to the body may also indicate freezing or wrapping of the body. Antemortem and postmortem circumstances of the crime may present themselves by the recovery of insect species that usually only attract to fecal and urine soaked clothing, which can indicates abuse, rape or some type of incapacitation. If these conditions were not present the insects would be absent. (Byrd) Skeletonization of remains can happen quickly due to insect activity causing valuable body tissues and fluids needed for toxicological analysis to be lost. In spite of the loss of human tissues, toxicological analysis of the insect larvae that have fed on the body can be successful due to the larval tissues acquiring the toxins and drugs that were stored in the human body tissues before death.(Byrd) Forensic entomology is a diverse field that can be used in many avenues of death investigation. A general knowledge of common insects found inhabiting decomposing remains is important in helping to establish an estimated postmortem interval. In order to come to any conclusion on postmortem intervals the data collected from the insects, weather, and environment have to be analyzed collectively. Forensic entomology also aids legal personnel in evaluating special circumstances involving a death in question. Even though forensic entomology has its positive and negative aspects it can be a useful alternative in estimating postmortem intervals if other resources and information on the body found is limited. RESOURCES: Byrd, Dr.J. H. Forensic Entomology. Ed. Dr.J. H. Byrd. N.p., 1998. Web. 6 July 2010. . Byers, Steven N. Introduction to Forensic Anthropology. Third ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn Bacon, 2008. 122-25. Print. Gannon, Robert. The Body Farm. (includes related article on chronology of decomposition). . Popular Science. 251.n3 (Sept 1997): 77(5). General OneFile. Gale. Mott Community College. 6 July 2010 Chang, Maria L. Fly witness. Science World. 54.n3 (Oct 1997): 8(4). General OneFile. Gale. Mott Community College. 6 July 2010 Weiss, Rick. Incrimination by insect: private eyes find a friend in flies. Science News. 134.n6 (August 6, 1988): 90(1). General OneFile. Gale. Mott Community College. 6 July 2010

A Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Physician Assi

A Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the biggest controversies of this decade is euthanasia. Euthanasia is "inducing the painless death of a person for reasons assumed to be merciful?(Henrickson and Martin 24). There are four types of euthanasia voluntary and direct, voluntary but indirect, direct but involuntary, and indirect and involuntary. Voluntary and direct euthanasia is "chosen and carried out by the patient.? Voluntary but indirect euthanasia is chosen in advance. Direct but involuntary euthanasia is done for the patient without his or her request. Indirect and involuntary euthanasia occurs when a hospital decides that it is time to remove life support (Fletcher 42-3).    Euthanasia can be traced as far back as to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It was sometimes allowed in these civilizations to help others die. Voluntary euthanasia was approved in these ancient societies. As time passed, religion increased, and life was viewed to be sacred. Euthanasia in any form was seen as wrong (Encarta 98).    In this century there have been many groups formed that are for and against euthanasia. In 1935 the first group that was for the legalization of euthanasia was formed. It was called the Voluntary Euthanasia Society and was started by a group of doctors in London (The Voluntary Euthanasia Society). The first society established in the United States came shortly after in 1938. It was called the Hemlock Society and it now consists of more than 67,000 members. The purpose of this society is to support your decision to die and to offer support when you are ready to die (Humphrey 186). This society also believes that a person must have believed in euthanasia for a certain amount of time be... .... Jack Kevorkian." Online. Internet. 25 Oct. 1996. Final Exit.org. Fletcher, Joseph. "The Case for Euthanasia." Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1981. 37-45. Harris, Curtis. "Withholding Food and Fluids: What Happens." Life Cycle. April 1991: 4. Henrickson, John and Thomas Martin. "Euthanasia Should Not Be Permitted." Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1981. 23-26. Horkan, Thomas. "Legislation That Complicates Dying." Eds. Gary McCuen and Therese Boucher. Hudson: Gary McCuen Publications, 1985. 69-72. Humphry, Derek. Dying With Dignity. New York: Birch Lane, 1992. Pahl, Stewart. "I Favor Merciful Termination of Life." Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1981. 18-22. Voluntary Euthanasia Society. Online. Internet. 14 Jan. 1999. ves.com.